J2EE Technology Reference Sheet
AIB - Application Infrastructure Builder
The AIB is a Java application, which accepts UML in the form of an XMI document, allows the developer to select the appropriate design patterns and generates the J2EE application files (Java code, deployment descriptors, JSP, etc.) by combining this input with a set of customizable templates.
Ant - Another Neat Tool
Ant is a Java-based build tool. In theory, it is kind of like Make, without Make's wrinkles and with the full portability of pure Java code.
Apache - Apache Software Foundation
The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation, incorporated in
Axis
Axis is essentially Apache SOAP 3.0. It is a from-scratch rewrite, designed around a streaming model (using SAX internally rather than DOM). The intention is to create a more modular, more flexible, and higher-performing SOAP implementation (relative to Apache SOAP 2.0).
BMP - Bean Managed Persistence
In J2EE applications, entity beans represent the business objects that are stored in a database. For entity beans with bean-managed persistence, the code for the database access calls must be written by the developer. Although writing this code is an additional responsibility, there will be more control over how the entity bean accesses a database.
Cactus
http://jakarta.apache.org/cactus/
Cactus is a simple test framework for unit testing server-side java code (Servlets, EJBs, Tag Libs, Filters, ...).
CheckStyle
http://sourceforge.net/projects/checkstyle
Checkstyle is a development tool to help programmers write Java code that adheres to a coding standard. By default it supports the Sun Code Conventions, but is highly configurable. It can be invoked with an ANT task and a command line program.
CMP - Container Managed Persistence
In J2EE applications, entity beans represent the business objects that are stored in a database. An entity bean with container-managed persistence (CMP) offers important advantages to the bean developer. First, the EJB container handles all database storage and retrieval calls. Second, the container manages the relationships between the entity beans. Because of these services, you don't have to code the database access calls in the entity bean. Instead, you specify settings in the bean's deployment descriptor. Not only does this approach save you time, but also it makes the bean portable across various database servers.
Deployment Descriptor
A deployment descriptor is an XML document with an .xml extension that describes the deployment settings of an application, a module, or a component. Because deployment descriptor information is declarative, it can be changed without the need to modify the source code. At runtime, the J2EE server reads the deployment descriptor and acts upon the application, module, or component accordingly.
Design Patterns
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/
A pattern describes a proven solution to a recurring design problem, placing particular emphasis on the context and forces surrounding the problem, and the consequences and impact of the solution.
EJB -
http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology is the server-side component architecture for the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform. EJB technology enables rapid and simplified development of distributed, transactional, secure and portable applications based on Java technology.
Entity Bean
An entity bean represents a business object in a persistent storage mechanism. In the Application Server, the persistent storage mechanism is a relational database. Typically, each entity bean has an underlying table in a relational database, and each instance of the bean corresponds to a row in that table.
GoF - Gang of Four
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201633612/102-3533755-0839302?v=glance
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Gamma, Helm, Johnson and Vlissides
Home Interface
The home interface defines the EJB's life-cycle methods: create and remove. For entity beans, the home interface also defines finder methods and home methods. Finder methods are used to locate entity beans. Home methods are business methods that are invoked on all instances of an entity bean class.
J2EE - Java 2
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/index.html
The Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) is a set of coordinated specifications and practices that together enable solutions for developing, deploying, and managing multi-tier server-centric applications. Building on the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE), the J2EE platform adds the capabilities necessary to provide a complete, stable, secure, and fast Java platform to the enterprise level. It provides value by significantly reducing the cost and complexity of developing and deploying multi-tier solutions, resulting in services that can be rapidly deployed and easily enhanced.
J2EE Application
J2EE components are packaged separately and bundled into a J2EE application for deployment. A J2EE application is composed of one or more enterprise bean, Web, or application client component modules. A J2EE application with all of its modules is delivered in an Enterprise Archive (EAR) file.
J2EE Connection Architecture
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/connector/
The J2EE Connector Architecture defines standard Java interfaces for simplifying the integration of enterprise applications with J2EE-based Java applications. With these interfaces, Java developers can access existing databases, ERP applications and legacy systems. The connector, also known as a "resource adapter," appears as a component library that the developer can access via Java programming language.
J2EE Patterns
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/corej2eepatterns/
J2EE patterns provide solutions for problems typically encountered by architects and designers of software applications for the J2EE platform.
J2ME - Java 2 Micro Edition
The Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition is the edition of the Java 2 platform targeted at consumer electronics and embedded devices. The J2ME technology consists of a virtual machine and a set of APIs suitable for providing tailored runtime environments for consumer and embedded electronics.
J2SE - Java 2 Standard Edition
The Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition is the core of Java technology, which provides a complete environment for applications development on desktops and servers. The Java platform consists of the Java application programming interfaces (APIs) and the Java virtual machine (JVM).
JAAS - Java Authentication and Authorization Service
http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/
The Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a set of APIs that enable services to authenticate and enforce access controls upon users. It implements a Java technology version of the standard Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework, and supports user-based authorization.
The Apache Jakarta Project creates and maintains open source solutions on the Java platform.
Jar/War/Ear - Java/Web/Enterprise Archive
The JavaTM Archive (JAR) file format enables you to bundle multiple files into a single archive file. Typically a JAR file will contain the class files and auxiliary resources associated with applets and applications. EJB modules, which contain class files for enterprise beans and an EJB deployment descriptor. EJB modules are packaged as JAR files with a .jar extension. Web modules, which contain servlet class files, JSP files, supporting class files, GIF and HTML files, and a Web application deployment descriptor. Web modules are packaged as JAR files with a .war (Web archive) extension. A J2EE application is delivered in an Enterprise Archive (EAR) file, a standard Java Archive (JAR) file with an .ear extension.
Java
Java technology is both a programming language and a platform. The Java language is simple, object-oriented and portable. The code is compiled into byte-code, which is interpreted on the platform. The platform consists of the Java virtual machine and the Java API.
Java Bean
http://java.sun.com/products/javabeans/
JavaBeans technology is the component architecture for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). Components (JavaBeans) are reusable software programs that you can develop and assemble easily to create sophisticated applications.
JavaMail
http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/
The JavaMail API provides a platform-independent and protocol-independent framework to build mail and messaging applications. The JavaMail API is implemented as a Java platform optional package and is also available as part of the Java 2 platform, Enterprise Edition.
JDBC - Java Database Connectivity
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/
JDBC technology is an API that provides cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases and access to other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files.
JDOM
JDOM is, quite simply, a Java representation of an XML document. JDOM provides a way to represent that document for easy and efficient reading, manipulation, and writing. It has a straightforward API, is a lightweight and fast, and is optimized for the Java programmer. It's an alternative to DOM and SAX, although it integrates well with both DOM and SAX.
JMI - Java Metadata Interface
http://java.sun.com/products/jmi/
The JMI specification enables the implementation of a dynamic, platform-independent infrastructure to manage the creation, storage, access, discovery, and exchange of metadata. JMI is based on the Meta Object Facility (MOF) specification from the Object Management Group (OMG), an industry-endorsed standard for metadata management. The MOF standard consists of a set of basic modeling artifacts described using UML. Models of any kind of metadata (called metamodels) can be built up from these basic building blocks. JMI defines the standard Java interfaces to these modeling components, and thus enables platform-independent discovery and access of metadata. JMI allows for the discovery, query, access, and manipulation of metadata, either at design time or runtime. The semantics of any modeled system can be completely discovered and manipulated. JMI also provides for metamodel and metadata interchange via XML by using the industry standard XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) specification.
JMS - Java Message Service
http://java.sun.com/products/jms/
The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a messaging standard that allows application components based on the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) to create, send, receive, and read messages. It enables distributed communication that is loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous.
JMX - Java Management Extensions
http://java.sun.com/products/JavaManagement/
Java Management Extensions (JMX) technology provides the tools for building distributed, Web-based, modular and dynamic solutions for managing and monitoring devices, applications, and service-driven networks.
JNDI - Java Naming and Directory Interface
http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/
The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) is part of the Java platform, providing applications based on Java technology with a unified interface to multiple naming and directory services.
JNI - Java Native Interface
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jni/
Java Native Interface (JNI) is a standard programming interface for writing Java native methods and embedding the Java virtual machine into native applications.
JSP - JavaServer Pages
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/
JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides a simplified, fast way to create web pages that display dynamically-generated content. JSP pages use XML tags and scriptlets written in the Java programming language to encapsulate the logic that generates the content for the page. It passes any formatting (HTML or XML) tags directly back to the response page. In this way, JSP pages separate the page logic from its design and display. JSP pages are compiled into servlets and may call JavaBeans components (beans) or Enterprise JavaBeans components (enterprise beans) to perform processing on the server. As such, JSP technology is a key component in a highly scalable architecture for web-based applications.
JSTL - JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/jstl/
The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) encapsulates as simple tags the core functionality common to many Web applications. JSTL has support for common, structural tasks such as iteration and conditionals, tags for manipulating XML documents, internationalization tags, and SQL tags.
JTA - Java Transaction API
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/transactions/
JTA specifies standard Java interfaces between a transaction manager and the parties involved in a distributed transaction system: the resource manager, the application server, and the transactional applications.
JTS - Java Transaction Service
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/transactions/
Java Transaction Service (JTS) specifies the implementation of a Transaction Manager which supports the Java Transaction API (JTA) 1.0 Specification at the high-level and implements the Java mapping of the OMG Object Transaction Service (OTS) 1.1 Specification at the low-level. JTS uses the standard CORBA ORB/TS interfaces and Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) for transaction context propagation between JTS Transaction Managers. A JTS Transaction Manager provides transaction services to the parties involved in distributed transactions: the application server, the resource manager, the standalone transactional application, and the Communication Resource Manager (CRM).
JUnit
JUnit is an open source Java testing framework used to write and run repeatable tests.
Jython
Jython is an implementation of the high-level, dynamic, object-oriented language Python seamlessly integrated with the Java platform.
Local Interface
The local interface defines the business methods that are specific to the EJB. The local interface is used by the EJB clients that are co-located within the same JVM. Because they require local access, entity beans that participate in a container-managed relationship must reside in the same EJB JAR file. The primary benefit of this locality is increased performance: local calls are usually faster than remote calls.
MDB - Message Driven Bean
A message-driven bean is an enterprise bean that allows J2EE applications to process messages asynchronously. It normally acts as a JMS message listener, which is similar to an event listener except that it receives JMS messages instead of events. The messages can be sent by any J2EE component--an application client, another enterprise bean, or a Web component--or by a JMS application or system that does not use J2EE technology. Message-driven beans can process either JMS messages or other kinds of messages.
MOF - OMG
http://www.omg.org/technology/cwm/
A generalized facility and repository for storing abstract information about very concrete object systems; dealing mostly with construction.
Python
Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java.
Remote Interface
The remote interface defines the business methods that are specific to the EJB. To an EJB client using the remote interface, the location of the enterprise bean is transparent, even if it is executing in different JVM on a separate host.
RMI - Remote Method Invocation
http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/rmi/
Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI) enables the programmer to create distributed Java technology-based to Java technology-based applications, in which the methods of remote Java objects can be invoked from other Java virtual machines*, possibly on different hosts. RMI uses object serialization to marshal and unmarshal parameters and does not truncate types, supporting true object-oriented polymorphism.
Servlet
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/
Servlets are protocol- and platform-independent server side components, written in Java, which dynamically extend Java enabled servers. They provide a general framework for services built using the request-response paradigm. Their initial use is to provide secure web-based access to data which is presented using HTML web pages, interactively viewing or modifying that data using dynamic web page generation techniques.
Session Bean
A session bean represents a single client inside the Application Server. To access an application that is deployed on the server, the client invokes the session bean's methods. The session bean performs work for its client, shielding the client from complexity by executing business tasks inside the server.
SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol
SOAP provides the definition of the XML-based information which can be used for exchanging structured and typed information between peers in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP is fundamentally a stateless, one-way message exchange paradigm. SOAP message is formally specified as an XML Infoset, which provides an abstract description of its contents. Infosets can have different on-the-wire representations, one common example of which is as an XML 1.0 document
SSO - Single Sign On
ING authentication service
Stateful Session Bean
A stateful session bean's instance variables represent the state of a unique client-bean session. The state is retained for the duration of the client-bean session.
Stateless Session Bean
A stateless session bean does not maintain a conversational state for the client. When a client invokes the method of a stateless bean, the bean's instance variables may contain a state, but only for the duration of the invocation. When the method is finished, the state is no longer retained. Except during method invocation, all instances of a stateless bean are equivalent, allowing the EJB container to assign an instance to any client. Because stateless session beans can support multiple clients, they can offer better scalability for applications that require large numbers of clients.
Struts
The core of the Struts framework is a flexible control layer based on standard technologies like Java Servlets, JavaBeans, ResourceBundles, and XML, as well as various Jakarta Commons packages. Struts encourages application architectures based on the Model 2 approach, a variation of the classic Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm.
Sun ONE - Sun Java System Application Server (formerly Sun ONE Application Server)
http://wwws.sun.com/software/products/appsrvr/home_appsrvr.html
J2EE application server from Sun
Tag Library
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/taglibraries/index.jsp
JavaServer Pages (JSP) tag libraries define declarative, modular functionality that can be reused by any JSP page. Tag libraries reduce the necessity to embed large amounts of Java code in JSP pages by moving the functionality of the tags into tag implementation classes.
Velocity
http://jakarta.apache.org/velocity/
Velocity is a Java-based template engine. Velocity can be used to generate web pages, SQL, PostScript and other output from templates. It can be used either as a standalone utility for generating source code and reports, or as an integrated component of other systems.
W3C - World Wide Web Consortium
Organization of companies that strives to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing common protocols that promote its evolution and ensure its interoperability.
Web Application
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/WebApp.html
A Web application is a dynamic extension of a Web or application server. Web components provide the dynamic extension capabilities for a Web server. Web components are either Java servlets, JSP pages, or Web service endpoints. Web components are supported by the services of a runtime platform called a Web container. A Web container provides services such as request dispatching, security, concurrency, and life-cycle management. It also gives Web components access to APIs such as naming, transactions, and email. Certain aspects of Web application behavior can be configured when the application is installed, or deployed, to the Web container. The configuration information is maintained in a text file in XML format called a Web application deployment descriptor. All of the Web components, deployment descriptors and resources are wrapped up in a .war file for deployment to the application server.
Web Service
A Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards.
Weblogic - BEA WebLogic Application Server
http://dev2dev.bea.com/products/wlserver/index.jsp
J2EE application server from Bea
WebSphere - WebSphere Application Server
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/wasinfo/index.jsp
J2EE application server from IBM
WSDL - Web Service Descriptor Language
http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/desc/
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) provides a model and an XML format for describing Web services. WSDL enables one to separate the description of the abstract functionality offered by a service from concrete details of a service description such as "how" and "where" that functionality is offered.
Xalan
http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/
Xalan (named after a rare musical instrument) provides high-performance XSLT stylesheet processing. Xalan fully implements the W3C XSLT and XPath recommendations. The stylesheet processor is feature-rich and robust. The XPath Processor is useable as a stand-alone unit. Xalan uses the Bean Scripting Framework (BSF) to implement Java and script extensions, features EXSLT extensions, nodeset extension, multiple document output extensions and SQL extension.
Xerces
http://xml.apache.org/xerces2-j/
Xerces (named after the Xerces Blue butterfly) provides world-class XML parsing and generation. Fully-validating parsers are available for both Java and C++, implementing the W3C XML and DOM (Level 1 and 2) standards, as well as the de facto SAX (version 2) standard. The parsers are highly modular and configurable. Initial support for XML Schema (draft W3C standard) is also provided.
XMI - OMG XML Metadata Interchange
http://www.omg.org/technology/xml/index.htm
XMI is an open information interchange model that is intended to give developers working with object technology the ability to exchange programming data over the Internet in a standardized way.
XML - eXtensible Markup Language
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an extremely simple dialect of SGML. Its goal is to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML.
XSL - eXtensible Stylesheet Language
XSL is a language for transforming XML documents, and an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics.
XSLT - XSL Transformations
XSLT is designed for use as part of XSL, which is a stylesheet language for XML. In addition to XSLT, XSL includes an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting. XSL specifies the styling of an XML document by using XSLT to describe how the document is transformed into another XML document that uses the formatting vocabulary.
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